The study, titled “Escalating climate-related health risks for Hajj pilgrims to Mecca,” was conducted under the auspices of the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, the Saudi Press Agency reported on Sunday.

The interventions of the government have been effective despite the rise in temperatures in Makkah of 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade, the study found.

The study, published in the Journal of Travel Medicine, examined the relationship between the increase in ambient temperatures during the Hajj season and health conditions.

Umbrellas distributed by various agencies and institutions have also helped mitigate the health risks posed by high temperatures on pilgrims. (File photo)
The government also distributes water and umbrellas; and there are now air conditioned transport options available, including the Mashaer train at the holy sites since 2010.

The report found that the government has instituted long-term measures including integrating environmental engineering and building design strategies to improve natural ventilation and reduce temperatures at the holy sites.

There has been an increase in shaded spaces, and efforts have been made to reduce overcrowding.

Considering that the annual Hajj attracts millions of pilgrims from more than 180 countries, the KFSHRC study “holds enormous scientific value for planning and improving the response to the increasing temperature rise around the world.”

Aerial view of the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh. (SPA)
The KFSHRC is the top-ranked medical brand in the Middle East and North Africa for the second year in a row, and 20th globally, according to Brand Finance.

It has also been ranked among the best 250 hospitals in the world by Newsweek magazine.